But others try to take advantage of this new framework

Better to mobilize the potential of research and make it available to the economic development are hardly questionable objectives in their general statements. The Organization of such research is presently envisaged would be based on a strong distinction between "finalized" research concentrated in (centres of higher education and research) PRES-backed if possible to poles of competitiveness, and scientific research, including the Organization and the resources will be concentrated in "campus" supported on foundations of scientific cooperation. These campus, in very limited numbers, must have as its objective a very strong "international readability".

The Government could be satisfied with a landscape which he would have contributed mightily to draw the contours: a finalized research on effects of spatial proximity and complementarities with the own business, an internationally renowned scientific research potential.

The exceptional concentration of means on a limited number of campus causes a strong challenge in certain academics. But others try to take advantage of this new framework. In the discipline of Economics, a campus has already announced by the Government with the creation of the school of Economics, Paris. Toulouse economists, those grouped around the Idei (Institute for industrial economy), are also trying to create their own campus, while another already draws on the same territory (Aerospace).

One of the reasons for which it would be laudable to create a pole of research in global economy is that it is not good that the new ideas in the social sciences are produced or published almost exclusively by major American universities. However can be the least surprised that there has not been real "competition" for the creation of the first school of Economics, patented.

An even more important question arises: social science, the best guarantee of pluralism of ideas is not given by the pluralism of research methods and scientific paradigms Should we not wonder about the price of this "international visibility" It is known that it passes for laboratories by obtaining a large number of publications in leading scientific journals (for the majority of English-language).

He cannot be here to question the criteria for the classification of these journals. However, can question the pluralism of ideas they broadcast. The majority of the articles make the assumption that the economy can be understood as an aggregation of people selfish and "rational". Mathematical demonstration is more that never considered by such prestigious journals as the only type of truly convincing argument. This still further mathematics guarantees the reliability of the economic theories Work in the areas of macroeconomics, fiscal and monetary policies have had a far-reaching theoretical, but their direct transposition in the practice of monetary policy would have been at least in a sorcerer's apprentice exercise. In economics, the equations of the argument implementation does not guarantee necessarily relevance or the social utility of stigmatizes ideas. These equations are, moreover, that the translation in the mathematical language of assumptions about the behaviour of men in society. We can therefore agree that the pluralism of these assumptions is required, and there should be room for approaches of economy which enrich inputs of the sociology, history, or law or psychology.

When the balance sheet of the new ideas in economics, shows that it is when they inspired other social sciences and the humanities that economists make innovative discoveries.

Can be considered the mathematics applied to the economy with great interest, but with hindsight that allows not regarded as an end in itself. Many researchers in economy want to work in conditions for the recognition of their work, even when they borrow to complementary to the mathematical formalization. It is also the demand expressed by society and the students, in France as everywhere in the world, this multidisciplinary economy in his inspirations and open as in its methods and assumptions can continue to assert themselves. It is important to promote the existence of laboratories with such practices in avoiding that they are in the name of a narrow conception of the scientific nature and international visibility be neglected.